目录
- 源码
- WindowFunction.c
- WindowFunction.h
- 使用
- 形状
- 三角窗
- 巴特利特窗
- 巴特利特-汉宁窗
- 布莱克曼窗
- 布莱克曼-哈里斯窗
- 博曼窗
- 切比雪夫窗
- 平顶窗
- 高斯窗
- 海明窗
- 汉宁窗
- 纳托尔窗
- Parzen窗
- 矩形窗
平台:Windows 10 20H2
Visual Studio 2015
Python 3.8.12 (default, Oct 12 2021, 03:01:40) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] :: Anaconda, Inc. on win32
原作见窗函数的C语言实现 —— Vincent.Cui
原代码大量使用了动态内存分配,考虑到部分单片机的限制,我把它们又改回了数组传参的形式。
由于缺少besseli、prod和linSpace函数,有三个窗函数暂时被我用条件编译注释掉了。
源码
WindowFunction.c
/*
*file WindowFunction.c
*author Vincent Cui
*e-mail whcui1987@163.com
*version 0.3
*data 31-Oct-2014
*brief 各种窗函数的C语言实现
*/
#include "WindowFunction.h"
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#if prod_Flag
/*函数名:taylorWin
*说明:计算泰勒窗。泰勒加权函数
*输入:
*输出:
*返回:
*调用:prod()连乘函数
*其它:用过以后,需要手动释放掉*w的内存空间
* 调用示例:ret = taylorWin(99, 4, 40, &w); 注意此处的40是正数 表示-40dB
*/
dspErrorStatus taylorWin(dspUint_16 N, dspUint_16 nbar, dspDouble sll, dspDouble **w)
{
dspDouble A;
dspDouble *retDspDouble;
dspDouble *sf;
dspDouble *result;
dspDouble alpha, beta, theta;
dspUint_16 i, j;
/*A = R cosh(PI, A) = R*/
A = (dspDouble)acosh(pow((dspDouble)10.0, (dspDouble)sll / 20.0)) / PI;
A = A * A;
/*开出存放系数的空间*/
retDspDouble = (dspDouble *)malloc(sizeof(dspDouble) * (nbar - 1));
if (retDspDouble == NULL)
return DSP_ERROR;
sf = retDspDouble;
/*开出存放系数的空间*/
retDspDouble = (dspDouble *)malloc(sizeof(dspDouble) * N);
if (retDspDouble == NULL)
return DSP_ERROR;
result = retDspDouble;
alpha = prod(1, 1, (nbar - 1));
alpha *= alpha;
beta = (dspDouble)nbar / sqrt(A + pow((nbar - 0.5), 2));
for (i = 1; i <= (nbar - 1); i++)
{
*(sf + i - 1) = prod(1, 1, (nbar - 1 + i)) * prod(1, 1, (nbar - 1 - i));
theta = 1;
for (j = 1; j <= (nbar - 1); j++)
{
theta *= 1 - (dspDouble)(i * i) / (beta * beta * (A + (j - 0.5) * (j - 0.5)));
}
*(sf + i - 1) = alpha * (dspDouble)theta / (*(sf + i - 1));
}
/*奇数阶*/
if ((N % 2) == 1)
{
for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
{
alpha = 0;
for (j = 1; j <= (nbar - 1); j++)
{
alpha += (*(sf + j - 1)) * cos(2 * PI * j * (dspDouble)(i - ((N - 1) / 2)) / N);
}
*(result + i) = 1 + 2 * alpha;
}
}
/*偶数阶*/
else
{
for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
{
alpha = 0;
for (j = 1; j <= (nbar - 1); j++)
{
alpha += (*(sf + j - 1)) * cos(PI * j * (dspDouble)(2 * (i - (N / 2)) + 1) / N);
}
*(result + i) = 1 + 2 * alpha;
}
}
*w = result;
free(sf);
return DSP_SUCESS;
}
#endif
/*
*函数名:triangularWin
*说明:计算三角窗函数
*输入:
*输出:
*返回:
*调用:
*调用示例:ret = triangularWin(99, w);
*/
dspErrorStatus triangularWin(uint16_t N, double w[])
{
uint16_t i;
/*阶数为奇*/
if ((N % 2) == 1)
{
for (i = 0; i < ((N - 1) / 2); i++)
{
w[i] = 2 * (double)(i + 1) / (N + 1);
}
for (i = ((N - 1) / 2); i < N; i++)
{
w[i] = 2 * (double)(N - i) / (N + 1);
}
}
/*阶数为偶*/
else
{
for (i = 0; i < (N / 2); i++)
{
w[i] = (i + i + 1) * (double)1 / N;
}
for (i = (N / 2); i < N; i++)
{
w[i] = w[N - 1 - i];
}
}
return DSP_SUCESS;
}
#if linSpace_Flag
/*
*函数名:tukeyWin
*说明:计算tukey窗函数
*输入:
*输出:
*返回:linSpace()
*调用:
*其它:用过以后,需要手动释放掉*w的内存空间
* 调用示例:ret = tukeyWin(99, 0.5, &w);
*/
dspErrorStatus tukeyWin(dspUint_16 N, dspDouble r, dspDouble **w)
{
dspErrorStatus retErrorStatus;
dspUint_16 index;
dspDouble *x, *result, *retPtr;
dspDouble alpha;
retErrorStatus = linSpace(0, 1, N, &x);
if (retErrorStatus == DSP_ERROR)
return DSP_ERROR;
result = (dspDouble *)malloc(N * sizeof(dspDouble));
if (result == NULL)
return DSP_ERROR;
/*r <= 0 就是矩形窗*/
if (r <= 0)
{
retErrorStatus = rectangularWin(N, &retPtr);
if (retErrorStatus == DSP_ERROR)
return DSP_ERROR;
/*将数据拷出来以后,释放调用的窗函数的空间*/
memcpy(result, retPtr, (N * sizeof(dspDouble)));
free(retPtr);
}
/*r >= 1 就是汉宁窗*/
else if (r >= 1)
{
retErrorStatus = hannWin(N, &retPtr);
if (retErrorStatus == DSP_ERROR)
return DSP_ERROR;
/*将数据拷出来以后,释放调用的窗函数的空间*/
memcpy(result, retPtr, (N * sizeof(dspDouble)));
free(retPtr);
}
else
{
for (index = 0; index < N; index++)
{
alpha = *(x + index);
if (alpha < (r / 2))
{
*(result + index) = (dspDouble)(1 + cos(2 * PI * (dspDouble)(alpha - (dspDouble)r / 2) / r)) / 2;
}
else if ((alpha >= (r / 2)) && (alpha <(1 - r / 2)))
{
*(result + index) = 1;
}
else
{
*(result + index) = (dspDouble)(1 + cos(2 * PI * (dspDouble)(alpha - 1 + (dspDouble)r / 2) / r)) / 2;
}
}
}
free(x);
*w = result;
return DSP_SUCESS;
}
#endif
/*
*函数名:bartlettWin
*说明:计算bartlettWin窗函数
*输入:
*输出:
*返回:
*调用:
*调用示例:ret = bartlettWin(99, w);
*/
dspErrorStatus bartlettWin(uint16_t N, double w[])
{
uint16_t n;
for (n = 0; n < (N - 1) / 2; n++)
{
w[n] = 2 * (double)n / (N - 1);
}
for (n = (N - 1) / 2; n < N; n++)
{
w[n] = 2 - 2 * (double)n / ((N - 1));
}
return DSP_SUCESS;
}
/*
*函数名:bartLettHannWin
*说明:计算bartLettHannWin窗函数
*输入:
*输出:
*返回:
*调用:
*调用示例:ret = bartLettHannWin(99, w);
*/
dspErrorStatus bartLettHannWin(uint16_t N, double w[])
{
uint16_t n;
/*奇*/
if ((N % 2) == 1)
{
for (n = 0; n < N; n++)
{
w[n] = 0.62 - 0.48 * fabs(((double)n / (N - 1)) - 0.5) + 0.38 * cos(2 * PI * (((double)n / (N - 1)) - 0.5));
}
for (n = 0; n < (N - 1) / 2; n++)
{
w[n] = w[N - 1 - n];
}
}
/*偶*/
else
{
for (n = 0; n < N; n++)
{
w[n] = 0.62 - 0.48 * fabs(((double)n / (N - 1)) - 0.5) + 0.38 * cos(2 * PI * (((double)n / (N - 1)) - 0.5));
}
for (n = 0; n < N / 2; n++)
{
w[n] = w[N - 1 - n];
}
}
return DSP_SUCESS;
}
/*
*函数名:blackManWin
*说明:计算blackManWin窗函数
*输入:
*输出:
*返回:
*调用:
*调用示例:ret = blackManWin(99, w);
*/
dspErrorStatus blackManWin(uint16_t N, double w[])
{
uint16_t n;
for (n = 0; n < N; n++)
{
w[n] = 0.42 - 0.5 * cos(2 * PI * (double)n / (N - 1)) + 0.08 * cos(4 * PI * (double)n / (N - 1));
}
return DSP_SUCESS;
}
/*
*函数名:blackManHarrisWin
*说明:计算blackManHarrisWin窗函数
*输入:
*输出:
*返回:
*调用:
*调用示例:ret = blackManHarrisWin(99, w);
* minimum 4-term Blackman-harris window -- From Matlab
*/
dspErrorStatus blackManHarrisWin(uint16_t N, double w[])
{
uint16_t n;
for (n = 0; n < N; n++)
{
w[n] = BLACKMANHARRIS_A0 - BLACKMANHARRIS_A1 * cos(2 * PI * (double)n / (N)) + \
BLACKMANHARRIS_A2 * cos(4 * PI * (double)n / (N)) - \
BLACKMANHARRIS_A3 * cos(6 * PI * (double)n / (N));
}
return DSP_SUCESS;
}
/*
*函数名:bohmanWin
*说明:计算bohmanWin窗函数
*输入:
*输出:
*返回:
*调用:
*调用示例:ret = bohmanWin(99, w);
*/
dspErrorStatus bohmanWin(uint16_t N, double w[])
{
uint16_t n;
double x;
for (n = 0; n < N; n++)
{
x = -1 + n * (double)2 / (N - 1);
/*取绝对值*/
x = x >= 0 ? x : (x * (-1));
w[n] = (1 - x) * cos(PI * x) + (double)(1 / PI) * sin(PI * x);
}
return DSP_SUCESS;
}
/*
*函数名:chebyshevWin
*说明:计算chebyshevWin窗函数
*输入:
*输出:
*返回:
*调用:
*调用示例:ret = chebyshevWin(99,100, w);
*/
dspErrorStatus chebyshevWin(uint16_t N, double r, double w[])
{
uint16_t n, index;
double x, alpha, beta, theta, gama;
/*10^(r/20)*/
theta = pow((double)10, (double)(fabs(r) / 20));
beta = pow(cosh(acosh(theta) / (N - 1)), 2);
alpha = 1 - (double)1 / beta;
if ((N % 2) == 1)
{
/*计算一半的区间*/
for (n = 1; n < (N + 1) / 2; n++)
{
gama = 1;
for (index = 1; index < n; index++)
{
x = index * (double)(N - 1 - 2 * n + index) / ((n - index) * (n + 1 - index));
gama = gama * alpha * x + 1;
}
w[n] = (N - 1) * alpha * gama;
}
theta = w[(N - 1) / 2];
w[0] = 1;
for (n = 0; n < (N + 1) / 2; n++)
{
w[n] = (double)(w[n]) / theta;
}
/*填充另一半*/
for (; n < N; n++)
{
w[n] = w[N - n - 1];
}
}
else
{
/*计算一半的区间*/
for (n = 1; n < (N + 1) / 2; n++)
{
gama = 1;
for (index = 1; index < n; index++)
{
x = index * (double)(N - 1 - 2 * n + index) / ((n - index) * (n + 1 - index));
gama = gama * alpha * x + 1;
}
w[n] = (N - 1) * alpha * gama;
}
theta = w[(N / 2) - 1];
w[0] = 1;
for (n = 0; n < (N + 1) / 2; n++)
{
w[n] = (double)(w[n]) / theta;
}
/*填充另一半*/
for (; n < N; n++)
{
w[n] = w[N - n - 1];
}
}
return DSP_SUCESS;
}
/*
*函数名:flatTopWin
*说明:计算flatTopWin窗函数
*输入:
*输出:
*返回:
*调用:
*调用示例:ret = flatTopWin(99, w);
*/
dspErrorStatus flatTopWin(uint16_t N, double w[])
{
uint16_t n;
for (n = 0; n < N; n++)
{
w[n] = FLATTOPWIN_A0 - FLATTOPWIN_A1 * cos(2 * PI * (double)n / (N - 1)) + \
FLATTOPWIN_A2 * cos(4 * PI * (double)n / (N - 1)) - \
FLATTOPWIN_A3 * cos(6 * PI * (double)n / (N - 1)) + \
FLATTOPWIN_A4 * cos(8 * PI * (double)n / (N - 1));
}
return DSP_SUCESS;
}
/*
*函数名:gaussianWin
*说明:计算gaussianWin窗函数
*输入:
*输出:
*返回:
*调用:
*调用示例:ret = gaussianWin(99,2.5, w);
*/
dspErrorStatus gaussianWin(uint16_t N, double alpha, double w[])
{
uint16_t n;
double k, beta, theta;
for (n = 0; n < N; n++)
{
if ((N % 2) == 1)
{
k = n - (N - 1) / 2;
beta = 2 * alpha * (double)k / (N - 1);
}
else
{
k = n - (N) / 2;
beta = 2 * alpha * (double)k / (N - 1);
}
theta = pow(beta, 2);
w[n] = exp((-1) * (double)theta / 2);
}
return DSP_SUCESS;
}
/*
*函数名:hammingWin
*说明:计算hammingWin窗函数
*输入:
*输出:
*返回:
*调用:
*调用示例:ret = hammingWin(99, w);
*/
dspErrorStatus hammingWin(uint16_t N, double w[])
{
uint16_t n;
for (n = 0; n < N; n++)
{
w[n] = 0.54 - 0.46 * cos(2 * PI * (double)n / (N - 1));
}
return DSP_SUCESS;
}
/*
*函数名:hannWin
*说明:计算hannWin窗函数
*输入:
*输出:
*返回:
*调用:
*调用示例:ret = hannWin(99, w);
*/
dspErrorStatus hannWin(uint16_t N, double w[])
{
uint16_t n;
for (n = 0; n < N; n++)
{
w[n] = 0.5 * (1 - cos(2 * PI * (double)n / (N - 1)));
}
return DSP_SUCESS;
}
#if besseli_Flag
/*
*函数名:kaiserWin
*说明:计算kaiserWin窗函数
*输入:
*输出:
*返回:
*调用:besseli()第一类修正贝塞尔函数
*其它:用过以后,需要手动释放掉*w的内存空间
* 调用示例:ret = kaiserWin(99, 5, &w);
*/
dspErrorStatus kaiserWin(dspUint_16 N, dspDouble beta, dspDouble **w)
{
dspUint_16 n;
dspDouble *ret;
dspDouble theta;
ret = (dspDouble *)malloc(N * sizeof(dspDouble));
if (ret == NULL)
return DSP_ERROR;
for (n = 0; n < N; n++)
{
theta = beta * sqrt(1 - pow(((2 * (dspDouble)n / (N - 1)) - 1), 2));
*(ret + n) = (dspDouble)besseli(0, theta, BESSELI_K_LENGTH) / besseli(0, beta, BESSELI_K_LENGTH);
}
*w = ret;
return DSP_SUCESS;
}
#endif
/*
*函数名:nuttalWin
*说明:计算nuttalWin窗函数
*输入:
*输出:
*返回:
*调用:
*调用示例:ret = nuttalWin(99, w);
*/
dspErrorStatus nuttalWin(uint16_t N, double w[])
{
uint16_t n;
for (n = 0; n < N; n++)
{
w[n] = NUTTALL_A0 - NUTTALL_A1 * cos(2 * PI * (double)n / (N - 1)) + \
NUTTALL_A2 * cos(4 * PI * (double)n / (N - 1)) - \
NUTTALL_A3 * cos(6 * PI * (double)n / (N - 1));
}
return DSP_SUCESS;
}
/*
*函数名:parzenWin
*说明:计算parzenWin窗函数
*输入:
*输出:
*返回:
*调用:
*调用示例:ret = parzenWin(99, w);
*/
dspErrorStatus parzenWin(uint16_t N, double w[])
{
uint16_t n;
double alpha, k;
if ((N % 2) == 1)
{
for (n = 0; n < N; n++)
{
k = n - (N - 1) / 2;
alpha = 2 * (double)fabs(k) / N;
if (fabs(k) <= (N - 1) / 4)
{
w[n] = 1 - 6 * pow(alpha, 2) + 6 * pow(alpha, 3);
}
else
{
w[n] = 2 * pow((1 - alpha), 3);
}
}
}
else
{
for (n = 0; n < N; n++)
{
k = n - (N - 1) / 2;
alpha = 2 * (double)fabs(k) / N;
if (fabs(k) <= (double)(N - 1) / 4)
{
w[n] = 1 - 6 * pow(alpha, 2) + 6 * pow(alpha, 3);
}
else
{
w[n] = 2 * pow((1 - alpha), 3);
}
}
}
return DSP_SUCESS;
}
/*
*函数名:rectangularWin
*说明:计算rectangularWin窗函数
*输入:
*输出:
*返回:
*调用:
*调用示例:ret = rectangularWin(99, w);
*/
dspErrorStatus rectangularWin(uint16_t N, double w[])
{
uint16_t n;
for (n = 0; n < N; n++)
{
w[n] = 1;
}
return DSP_SUCESS;
}
WindowFunction.h
/*
*file WindowFunction.h
*author Vincent Cui
*e-mail whcui1987@163.com
*version 0.3
*data 31-Oct-2014
*brief 各种窗函数的C语言实现
*/
#ifndef _WINDOWFUNCTION_H_
#define _WINDOWFUNCTION_H_
#include <stdint.h>
#define besseli_Flag 0 //缺少besseli函数
#define prod_Flag 0 //缺少prod函数
#define linSpace_Flag 0 //缺少linSpace函数
#define BESSELI_K_LENGTH 10
#define FLATTOPWIN_A0 0.215578995
#define FLATTOPWIN_A1 0.41663158
#define FLATTOPWIN_A2 0.277263158
#define FLATTOPWIN_A3 0.083578947
#define FLATTOPWIN_A4 0.006947368
#define NUTTALL_A0 0.3635819
#define NUTTALL_A1 0.4891775
#define NUTTALL_A2 0.1365995
#define NUTTALL_A3 0.0106411
#define BLACKMANHARRIS_A0 0.35875
#define BLACKMANHARRIS_A1 0.48829
#define BLACKMANHARRIS_A2 0.14128
#define BLACKMANHARRIS_A3 0.01168
#define PI 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419717 //定义圆周率值
typedef enum
{
DSP_ERROR = 0,
DSP_SUCESS,
}dspErrorStatus;
dspErrorStatus triangularWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
dspErrorStatus bartlettWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
dspErrorStatus bartLettHannWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
dspErrorStatus blackManWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
dspErrorStatus blackManHarrisWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
dspErrorStatus bohmanWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
dspErrorStatus chebyshevWin(uint16_t N, double r, double w[]);
dspErrorStatus flatTopWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
dspErrorStatus gaussianWin(uint16_t N, double alpha, double w[]);
dspErrorStatus hammingWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
dspErrorStatus hannWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
dspErrorStatus nuttalWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
dspErrorStatus parzenWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
dspErrorStatus rectangularWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
#if besseli_Flag
dspErrorStatus kaiserWin(uint16_t N, double beta, double w[]);
#endif
#if prod_Flag
dspErrorStatus taylorWin(uint16_t N, uint16_t nbar, double sll, double w[]);
#endif
#if linSpace_Flag
dspErrorStatus tukeyWin(uint16_t N, double r, double w[]);
#endif
#endif
使用
FFT_N为存放时域数值的数组大小,一般与所采用的FFT点数一致
double Window[FFT_N] = {0};
bartLettHannWin(FFT_N, Window);
调用后Window[]内便存入了窗函数的系数,再将这些系数与存放时域数值的数组元素一一相乘应该就行。
形状
以下均为1024点生成的窗函数形状,数据由VS2015产生,图像由 python3 绘制。
三角窗
dspErrorStatus triangularWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
巴特利特窗
dspErrorStatus bartlettWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
巴特利特-汉宁窗
dspErrorStatus bartLettHannWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
布莱克曼窗
dspErrorStatus blackManWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
布莱克曼-哈里斯窗
dspErrorStatus blackManHarrisWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
博曼窗
dspErrorStatus bohmanWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
切比雪夫窗
dspErrorStatus chebyshevWin(uint16_t N, double r, double w[]);
r = 100 dB
平顶窗
dspErrorStatus flatTopWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
高斯窗
dspErrorStatus gaussianWin(uint16_t N, double alpha, double w[]);
alpha = 2.5
alpha = 8
海明窗
dspErrorStatus hammingWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
汉宁窗
dspErrorStatus hannWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
纳托尔窗
dspErrorStatus nuttalWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
Parzen窗
dspErrorStatus parzenWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);
矩形窗
dspErrorStatus rectangularWin(uint16_t N, double w[]);